Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche ''Togo Rosati''

Authors    Bacchiocchi S, Siracusa M, Campacci D, Ciriaci M, Dubbini A, Tavoloni T, Stramenga A, Gorbi S, Piersanti A

Abstract   Cyclic imines (CIs) are emerging marine lipophilic toxins (MLTs) occurring in microalgae and shellfish worldwide. The present research aimed to study CIs in mussels farmed in the Adriatic Sea (Italy) during the period 2014-2015. Twenty-eight different compounds belonging to spirolides (SPX_s), gymnodimines (GYM_s), pinnatoxins (PnTX_s) and pteriatoxins (PtTX_s) were analyzed by the official method for MLTs in 139 mussel samples collected along the Marche coast. Compounds including 13-desmethyl spirolide C (13-desMe SPX C) and 13,19-didesmethyl spirolide C (13,19-didesMe SPX C) were detected in 86% of the samples. The highest levels were generally reported in the first half of the year reaching 29.2 µg kg-¹ in January/March with a decreasing trend until June. GYM A, for the first time reported in Italian mussels, was found in 84% of the samples, reaching the highest concentration in summer (12.1 µg kg-¹). GYM A and SPX_s, submitted to tissue distribution studies, showed the tendency to accumulate mostly in mussel digestive glands. Even if SPX levels in mussels were largely below the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference of 400 μg SPX_s kg-¹, most of the samples contained CIs for the large part of the year. Since chronic toxicity data are still missing, monitoring is surely recommended.

Publish Date     2020

Volume    12 (6)

ISSN         2072-6651

DOI           doi.org/10.3390/toxins12060370

URL          https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/6/370

Journal    Toxins

Pages      art. n. 370

PMID       32512714